THE FACTORS REQUIRED FOR LIFE ON A PLANET
A Liquid Nucleus
A liquid core is essential for life on a planet, but why? The main reason is that a liquid core creates magnetic fields that block radiation waves from stars, just like on Earth. That's why life on the planet is not exposed to high radiation and dies of cancer.
Atmosphere
The atmosphere not only provides the basis for life, but also protects the planet from celestial bodies such as asteroids and meteorites.
Closeness To The Star
One of the most important factors for the existence of life on a planet is its proximity to the star it orbits, because this determines the average temperature of the planet, the physical state of the water it contains and the humidity of its atmosphere. The optimum stellar distance for a planet is called the habitable zone. This distance depends on the phase and mass of the star.
PROPORTION OF NECESSARY ELEMENTS
The right proportion of the elements necessary for life is essential for the ecosystem and the existence of life. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen are examples of the basic elements of biology. At the same time, heavy elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, magnesium, sodium, etc. also contribute greatly to life, but in the formation of planets, it is difficult for such elements to scatter far away, making it difficult for life to form.
PLANET EXAMPLES THAT ARE SUITABLE FOR LIFE
Ceres
Ceres appears to be differentiated into a rocky core and icy mantle, and may have an ocean of liquid water underneath the ice layer. The surface is probably composed of a mixture of water ice, carbonates and various hydrated minerals such as clay. In January 2014, water vapor emissions were detected from several regions of Ceres. This was unexpected because large bodies in the asteroid belt do not usually emit vapor, which is the hallmark of comets. Ceres also has a mountain called Ahuna Mons, which is thought to be a cryovolcanic dome that facilitates the movement of highly viscous cryovolcanic magma consisting of water ice softened by its salt content.
Europa
The consensus among scientists is that a layer of liquid water exists beneath the surface of Europa, Jupiter's moon, and that heat from tidal flexing allows the underground ocean to remain liquid. The outer crust of solid ice is estimated to be about 10-30 km.
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This ocean planet, unlike the other two examples, is not in the Solar System, and is located about 120 light years away. But the fact that it has an atmosphere rich in hydrogen (H) and oxygen, as well as hydrocarbon gases such as carbon-oriented compounds and methane during the research on it, is a proof of this. One of the most important factors that increase the possibility of life on this planet is that we have found dimethyl sulfide on the planet. And why? Because this organosulfur compound called dimethyl sulfide is formed in our world as a result of photosynthesis by microscopic creatures called phytoplankton. These are just a few of the planets that we can simulate for life, while Saturn's moon Titan, another moon of Jupiter, Ganymede or Kepler-22B are other planets where life is thought to exist.